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1、需求?
我们想在某个集合中找出最大或最小的N个元素
2、解决方案?
heapq模块中有两个函数:nlargest()和nsmallest()
代码:
import heapqnums=[1,444,66,77,34,67,2,6,8,2,4,9,556]print(heapq.nlargest(3,nums))print(heapq.nsmallest(3,nums))
结果:
[556, 444, 77][1, 2, 2]
这个两个函数都可以接受一个参数key,从而允许他们可以工作在更加复杂的数据结构上:
代码:
import heapqportfolio=[ {'name':'IBM','shares':100,'price':91.1}, {'name':'AAPL','shares':50,'price':543.22}, {'name':'FB','shares':200,'price':21.09}, {'name':'HPQ','shares':35,'price':31.75}, {'name':'YHOO','shares':45,'price':16.35},]cheap=heapq.nsmallest(3,portfolio,key=lambda s:s['price'])expensive=heapq.nlargest(3,portfolio,key=lambda s:s['price'])print(cheap)print(expensive)
结果:
[{'name': 'YHOO', 'shares': 45, 'price': 16.35}, {'name': 'FB', 'shares': 200, 'price': 21.09}, {'name': 'HPQ', 'shares': 35, 'price': 31.75}][{'name': 'AAPL', 'shares': 50, 'price': 543.22}, {'name': 'IBM', 'shares': 100, 'price': 91.1}, {'name': 'HPQ', 'shares': 35, 'price': 31.75}]
如果只是简单的查找最小或者最大的元素(N=1),那么使用min()和max()会更快。
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